the otherwise plain oak panelling, date from 1597 to 1804, the year in which Mr. Herbert’s book was published.  Referring to the furniture, he says:—­“The massy oak tables and benches with which this apartment was anciently furnished, still remain, and so may do for centuries, unless violently destroyed, being of wonderful strength.”  Mr. Herbert also mentions the masks and revels held in this famous Hall in the time of Elizabeth:  he also gives a list of quantities and prices of materials used in the decoration of Gray’s Inn Hall.

[Illustration:  Three Carved Oak Panels.  Now in the Court Room of the Hall of the Carpenters’ Company.  Removed from the former Hall.  Period:  Elizabethan.]

In the Hall of the Carpenters’ Company, in Throgmorton Avenue, are three curious carved oak panels, worth noticing here, as they are of a date bringing them well into this period.  They were formerly in the old Hall, which escaped the Great Fire, and in the account books of the Corporation is the following record of the cost of one of these panels:—­

   “Paide for a planke to carve the arms of the Companie iij_s_.”

   “Paide to the Carver for carvinge the Arms of the Companie xxiij_s_.
   iiij_d_.”

The price of material (3s.) and workmanship (23s. 4d.) was certainly not excessive.  All three panels are in excellent preservation, and the design of a harp, being a rebus of the Master’s name, is a quaint relic of old customs.  Some other oak furniture, in the Hall of this ancient Company, will be noticed in the following chapter.  Mr. Jupp, a former Clerk of the Company, has written an historical account of the Carpenters, which contains many facts of interest.  The office of King’s Carpenter or Surveyor, the powers of the Carpenters to search, examine, and impose fines for inefficient work, and the trade disputes with the “Joyners,” the Sawyers, and the “Woodmongers,” are all entertaining reading, and throw many side-lights on the woodwork of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

[Illustration:  Part of an Elizabethan Staircase.]

The illustration of Hardwick Hall shews oak panelling and decoration of a somewhat earlier, and also somewhat later time than Elizabeth, while the carved oak chairs are of Jacobean style.  At Hardwick is still kept the historic chair in which it is said that William, fourth Earl of Devonshire, sat when he and his friends compassed the downfall of James II.  In the curious little chapel hung with ancient tapestry, and containing the original Bible and Prayer Book of Charles I., are other quaint chairs covered with cushions of sixteenth or early seventeenth century needlework.

[Illustration:  The Entrance Hall, Hardwick Hall.  Period Of Furniture, Jacobean, XVII.  Century.]