more than local fame.  Other Irishmen who have loomed large in Australasian affairs are Daniel Brophy, John Cumin, Augustus Leo Kenny, James Coghlan, Sir Patrick Buckley, Sir John O’Shannessy, and Nicholas Fitzgerald.  Louis C. Brennan, C.B., who was born in Ireland in 1852, emigrated to Australia when a boy and while working in a civil engineer’s office in Melbourne conceived the idea of the “Brennan Torpedo”, which he afterwards perfected, and then in 1897 sold the invention to the British Admiralty for L110,000.  Another Brennan, Frank by name, is president of the Knights of Our Lady of the Southern Cross and has been a labor member of the federal parliament since 1911; a third, Christopher John, is assistant lecturer in modern literature in the University of Sydney; and a fourth, James, of the diocese of Perth, was made a Knight of St. Silvester by Pius X. in 1912.  Young Australia and New Zealand may be as the world goes, but already both have much to their credit in the domains of music, art, and literature; and here, as usual, the Irish have been to the fore.  In the writing of poetry, history, and fiction the Celtic element has been especially distinguished.  Not to speak of the writers mentioned elsewhere in this sketch, scores of Irish men and women have been identified with the development of an Australian literature which, though delightfully redolent of the land whence it sprang, nevertheless possesses the universal note which makes it a truly human product.  Many years ago one of the most gifted of Irish-Australian singers, “Eva"’ of the Nation, voiced a tentative plaint: 

“O barren land!  O blank, bright sky! 
Methinks it were a noble duty
To kindle in that vacant eye
The light of spirit—­beauty—­
To fill with airy shapes divine
Thy lonely plains and mountains,
The orange grove, the bower of vine,
The silvery lakes and fountains;
To wake the voiceless, silent air
To soft, melodious numbers;
To raise thy lifeless form so fair
From those deep, spell-bound slumbers. 
Oh, whose shall be the potent hand
To give that touch informing,
And make thee rise, O Southern Land,
To life and poesy warming?”

Mrs. O’Doherty herself, who long lived in that Queensland which she thus apostrophized, helped in no uncertain way to answer her own question.  So did John Farrell, the author of the truly remarkable “Jubilee Ode” of 1897 and of a collection of poems which include the well known “How He Died.”  And so, long before, had the non-Catholic Irishman, Edward O’Shaughnessy, who went to Australia as a convict, but who laughed in lockstep and made music with his chains.

James Francis Hogan, author and journalist, was born in Tipperary in 1855 and shortly afterward was brought by his parents to Melbourne where he received his education.  On his return to Ireland he was elected to represent his native county in parliament.  He is an authority on Australian history and in his book on The Gladstone Colony has given us a fine specimen of modern historical method.  With him must be mentioned Roderick Flanagan, whose History of New South Wales appeared in 1862.