CHAPTER I THE CHURCH IN THE REFORM DAYS

Chapter ii
the beginning of the movement—­John keble

Chapter iii
Richard Hurrell froude

Chapter iv
Mr. Newman’s early friends—­Isaac Williams

Chapter V
Charles Marriott

Chapter vi
the Oxford tracts

Chapter VII
the Tractarians

Chapter VIII
subscription at matriculation and admission of dissenters

Chapter ix
Dr. Hampden

Chapter X
growth of the movement, 1835-1840

Chapter XI
the Roman question

Chapter XII
changes

Chapter XIII
the authorities and the movement

Chapter xiv
no. 90

Chapter XV
after no. 90

Chapter XVI
the three defeats:  Isaac Williams, Macmullen, Pusey

Chapter XVII
W.G.  Ward

Chapter XVIII
the ideal of A Christian church

Chapter XIX
the catastrophe

THE OXFORD MOVEMENT

CHAPTER I

THE CHURCH IN THE REFORM DAYS

What is called the Oxford or Tractarian movement began, without doubt, in a vigorous effort for the immediate defence of the Church against serious dangers, arising from the violent and threatening temper of the days of the Reform Bill.  It was one of several and widely differing efforts.  Viewed superficially it had its origin in the accident of an urgent necessity.[2] The Church was really at the moment imperilled amid the crude revolutionary projects of the Reform epoch;[3] and something bolder and more effective than the ordinary apologies for the Church was the call of the hour.  The official leaders of the Church were almost stunned and bewildered by the fierce outbreak of popular hostility.  The answers put forth on its behalf to the clamour for extensive and even destructive change were the work of men surprised in a moment of security.  They scarcely recognised the difference between what was indefensible and what must be fought for to the death; they mistook subordinate or unimportant points for the key of their position:  in their compromises or in their resistance they wanted the guidance of clear and adequate principles, and they were vacillating