leaders had not carried on their destructive counter-inroads into the Cherokee and Upper Creek country, and if under Robertson’s orders Nickajack and Running Water had not been destroyed; while the support of the Chickasaws and friendly Cherokees in stopping the Creek war parties was essential.  The Southwesterners owed thanks to General Wayne and his army and to their own strong right hands; but they had small cause for gratitude to the Federal Government.  They owed still less to the Northeasterners, or indeed to any of the men of the eastern seaboard; the benefits arising from Pinckney’s treaty form the only exception.  This neglect brought its own punishment.  Blount and Sevier were naturally inclined to Federalism, and it was probably only the supineness of the Federal Government in failing to support the Southwesterners against the Indians which threw Tennessee, when it became a State, into the arms of the Democratic party.

    Peace.

However, peace was finally wrung from the Indians, and by the beginning of 1796 the outrages ceased.  The frontiers, north and south alike, enjoyed a respite from Indian warfare for the first time in a generation; nor was the peace interrupted until fifteen years afterwards.

    Growth of Tennessee.

Throngs of emigrants had come into Tennessee.  A wagon road had been chopped to the Cumberland District, and as the Indians gradually ceased their ravages, the settlements about Nashville began to grow as rapidly as the settlements along the Holston.  In 1796 the required limit of population had been reached, and Tennessee with over seventy-six thousand inhabitants was formally admitted as a State of the Federal Union; Sevier was elected Governor, Blount was made one of the Senators, and Andrew Jackson was chosen Representative in Congress.

    The Tennessee Constitution.

In their State Constitution the hard-working backwoods farmers showed a conservative spirit which would seem strange to the radical democracy of new Western States to-day.  An elective Governor and two legislative houses were provided; and the representation was proportioned, not to the population at large, but to the citizen who paid taxes; for persons with some little property were still considered to be the rightful depositaries of political power.  The Constitution established freedom of the press, and complete religious liberty—­a liberty then denied in the parent State of North Carolina; but it contained some unwise and unjust provisions.  The Judges were appointed by the Legislature, and were completely subservient to it; and, through the influence of the land speculators all lands except town lots were taxed alike, so that the men who had obtained possession of the best tracts shifted to other shoulders much of their own proper burden. [Footnote:  “Constitutional History of Tennessee,” by Joshua W. Caldwell, p. 101, another of Robert Clark’s publications; an admirable study of institutional development in Tennessee.]