are negroes.  But the Hottentots are not negroes any more than are the Bushmen, or the Kaffirs, whom we shall consider next.  Ethnologists are not agreed as to the relationship that exists between Bushmen and Hottentots, but it is certain that the latter represent a somewhat higher level of civilization.  Yet, here again we must guard carefully against “false facts,” especially in reference to the topic that interests us—­the relations of the sexes.  As late as 1896 the eminent American anthropologist, Dr. Brinton, had an article in Science (October 16th), in which he remarked that “one trait which we admire in Hottentots is their regard for women,” He was led into making this assertion by an article entitled “Woman in Hottentot Poetry,” which appeared in the German periodical Globus (Vol. 70, pp. 173-77).  It was written by Dr. L. Jakobowski, and is quite as misleading as Chapman’s book.  Its logic is most peculiar.  The writer first shows (to his own satisfaction) that the Hottentots treat their women somewhat better than other South Africans do, and from this “fact” he goes on to infer that they must have love-songs!  He admits, indeed, that (with a few exceptions, to be presently considered) we know nothing of these songs, but it “seems certain” that they must be sung at the erotic dances of the natives; these, however, carefully conceal them from the missionaries, and as Jakobowski naively adds, to heed the missionaries “would be tantamount to giving up their old sensual dances.”

What facts does Jakobowski adduce in support of his assertion that Hottentots have a high regard for their women?  He says: 

“Without his wife’s permission a Hottentot does not drink a drop of milk, and should he dare to do so, the women of his family will take away the cows and sheep and add them to their flocks.  A girl has the right to punish her brother if he violates the laws of courtesy.  The oldest sister may have him chained and punished, and if a slave who is being castigated implores his master by the name of his (the master’s) sister to desist, the blows must cease or else the master is bound to pay a fine to the sister who has been invoked.”

EFFEMINATE MEN AND MASCULINE WOMEN

If all these statements were real facts—­and we shall presently see that they are not—­they would prove no more than that the modern Hottentots, like their neighbors, the Bushmen, are hen-pecked.  Barrow (I., 286) speaks of the “timid and pusillanimous mind which characterizes the Hottentots,” and elsewhere (144) he says that their