Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 116 pages of information about Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885.

Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885 eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 116 pages of information about Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885.

The mode of work indicated here is called the moist process.  It necessitates the use of a solution of sulphuric acid, but, as this latter destroys most colors, it cannot be used when it is desired to preserve the tint of the woolen under treatment.  In this case recourse is had to the dry process, which consists in substituting the vapors of nitric acid heated to 115 deg. or 125 deg. for the sulphuric acid.  The arrangement of the rooms must likewise be different.  The chambers, which may be in duplicate, as in the preceding case, are vaulted, and are about three yards long by three wide and three high.  The rags are put into wire cages that have six divisions, and that are located in the middle of the chamber, where they are slowly revolved by means of gearings.  Under the floor are the heating flues, and upon it is a reservoir for holding the vessel that contains the acid to be vaporized.  The arrangements for the admission of air and carrying along the vapors are the same as in the other case.  Great precaution should be taken to have the flues so constructed as to prevent fire.—­Bull, de la Musee de l’Industrie.

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APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING ORGANIC LIQUIDS.

According to Mr. D’A.  Bernard, it is especially important, in the dry distillation of distiller’s wash in a closed vessel, for the production of methyls, ammonia, acetates, and methylamine, that the mass shall be divided as completely as possible, since it then takes but a relatively moderate heat to completely destroy the organic coloring matter contained in the wash.  The apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is based upon this observation.

The wash enters, through the hopper, D, and the valve, z, a long boiler, B, which is heated by the furnace, F, through the intermedium of a waterbath, w.  An agitator, E, moves the mass slowly to the other extremity of the boiler, from whence it makes its exit in the form of dust.  To the frame, E, are fixed the scrapers, b, and the interrupted pieces, a, in front of which are the hinged valves, c.  In the motion of the pieces, a, from right to left, these valves free the apertures thereof and allow the wash to pass, while in the motion from left to right the apertures are closed and the valves push the mass to be evaporated before them.

From any motor whatever, the frame, E, receives a double to and fro motion in a horizontal and vertical direction, the latter of which is produced by the rods, f, which are provided at their lower, forked extremity with rollers, e, over which passes the piece, d, that supports the frame, E. At their upper part the rods, f, pass through the side of the boiler, through the intermedium of stuffing boxes, and are connected by their upper extremities, through a link, with levers, g, that revolve around the point, h.  A cam shaft, M, communicates a temporary, alternately rising and descending motion to the levers, g, and

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Scientific American Supplement, No. 514, November 7, 1885 from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.