The Grammar of English Grammars eBook

Goold Brown
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 4,149 pages of information about The Grammar of English Grammars.

The Grammar of English Grammars eBook

Goold Brown
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 4,149 pages of information about The Grammar of English Grammars.

PRESENT TENSE.

Singular.                      Plural.
1.  If I    be,                    1.  If we   be,
2.  If thou be,                    2.  If you  be,
3.  If he   be;                    3.  If they be.

IMPERFECT TENSE.

Singular. Plural. 1.  If I were,[263] 1.  If we were, 2.  If thou were, or wert,[264] 2.  If you were, 3.  If he were; If they were.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

PRESENT TENSE.

Singular. 2.  Be [thou,] or Do thou be; Plural. 2.  Be [ye or you,] or Do you be.

PARTICIPLES.

1. The Imperfect. 2. The Perfect. 3. The Preperfect
    Being.  Been.  Having been.

FAMILIAR FORM WITH ‘THOU.’

NOTE.—­In the familiar style, the second person singular of this verb, is usually and more properly formed thus:  IND.  Thou art, Thou was, Thou hast been, Thou had been, Thou shall or will be, Thou shall or will have been.  POT.  Thou may, can, or must be; Thou might, could, would, or should be; Thou may, can, or must have been; Thou might, could, would, or should have been.  SUBJ.  If thou be, If thou were.  IMP.  Be [thou,] or Do thou be.

OBSERVATIONS.

OBS. 1.—­It appears that be, as well as am, was formerly used for the indicative present:  as, “I be, Thou beest, He be; We be, Ye be, They be.”  See Brightland’s Gram., p. 114.  Dr. Lowth, whose Grammar is still preferred at Harvard University, gives both forms, thus:  “I am, Thou art, He is; We are, Ye are, They are.  Or, I be, Thou beest, He is; We be, Ye be, They be.”  To the third person singular, he subjoins the following example and remark:  “‘I think it be thine indeed, for thou liest in it.’  Shak.  Hamlet. Be, in the singular number of this time and mode, especially in the third person, is obsolete; and is become somewhat antiquated in the plural.”—­Lowth’s Gram., p. 36.  Dr. Johnson gives this tense thus:  “Sing.  I am; thou art; he is; Plur.  We are, or be; ye are, or be; they are, or be.”  And adds, “The plural be is now little in use.”—­Gram. in Johnson’s Dict., p. 8.  The Bible commonly has am, art, is, and are, but not always; the indicative be occurs in some places:  as, “We be twelve brethren.”—­Gen., xlii, 32.  “What be these two olive branches?”—­Zech., iv, 12.  Some traces of this usage still occur in poetry:  as,

   “There be more things to greet the heart and eyes
    In Arno’s dome of Art’s most princely shrine,
    Where Sculpture with her rainbow sister vies;
    There be more marvels yet—­but not for mine.”
        —­Byron’s Childe Harold, Canto iv, st. 61.

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