The Grammar of English Grammars eBook

Goold Brown
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 4,149 pages of information about The Grammar of English Grammars.

The Grammar of English Grammars eBook

Goold Brown
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 4,149 pages of information about The Grammar of English Grammars.

3.  By the adding of y or ly:  as, swarth, swarthy; good, goodly.  Of these there are but few; for almost all the derivatives of the latter form are adverbs.

III.  Adjectives are derived from Verbs in several different ways:—­

1.  By the adding of able or ible:  (sometimes with a change of some of the final letters:) as, perish, perishable; vary, variable; convert, convertible; divide, divisible, or dividable.  These, according to their analogy, have usually a passive import, and denote susceptibility of receiving action. 2.  By the adding of ive or ory:  (sometimes with a change of some of the final letters:) as, elect, elective; interrogate, interrogative, interrogatory; defend, defensive; defame, defamatory; explain, explanatory.

3.  Words ending in ate, are mostly verbs; but some of them may be employed as adjectives, in the same form, especially in poetry; as, reprobate, complicate.

IV.  Adjectives are derived from Participles, not by suffixes, but in these ways:—­

1.  By the prefixing of un, meaning not; as, unyielding, unregarded, unreserved, unendowed, unendeared, unendorsed, unencountered, unencumbered, undisheartened, undishonoured.  Of this sort there are very many.

2.  By a combining of the participle with some word which does not belong to the verb; as, way-faring, hollow-sounding, long-drawn, deep-laid, dear-purchased, down-trodden.  These, too, are numerous.

3.  Participles often become adjectives without change of form.  Such adjectives are distinguished from participles by their construction alone:  as, “A lasting ornament;”—­“The starving chymist;”—­“Words of learned length;”—­“With counterfeited glee.”

SECTION IV.—­DERIVATION OF THE PRONOUNS.

I. The English Pronouns are all of Saxon origin; but, in them, our language differs very strikingly from that of the Anglo-Saxons.  The following table compares the simple personal forms:—­

Eng.  I, My or Me; We, Our or Us. 
              Mine, Ours,
Sax.  Ic, Min, Me or We, Ure or Us. 
                        Mec; User,
Eng.  Thou, Thy or Thee; Ye, Your You. 
              Thine, or Yours,
Sax.  Thu, Thin, The or Ge Eower, Eow or
                        Thec; Eowie. 
Eng.  He, His Him; They, Their or Them. 
                                            Theirs,
Sax.  He, His or Him or Hi or Hira or Heom or
              Hys, Hine; Hig, Heora, Hi. 
Eng.  She, Her or Her; They, Their

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