[Footnote 94:  J.L.  Dawson and H.W.  DeSaussure, Census of Charleston for 1848 (Charleston, 1849), pp. 31-36.  The city’s population then comprised some 20,000 whites, a like number of slaves, and about 3,500 free persons of color.  The statistics of occupations are summarized in the accompanying table.]

MANUAL OCCUPATIONS IN CHARLESTON, 1848

                          Slaves | Free Negroes| Whites
                         Men | Women Men |Women Men |Women
Domestic servants 1,888 | 3,384 9 | 28 13 | 100
Cooks and
confectioners 7 | 12 18 | 18 ... | 5
Nurses and midwives ...| 2 ... | 10 ... | 5
Laundresses ...| 33 ... | 45 ... | ... 
Seamstresses and
mantua makers ... | 24 ... | 196 ... | 125
Milliners ... | ... ... | 7 ... | 44
Fruiterers, hucksters
and pedlers ... | 18 6 | 5 46 | 18
Gardeners 3 | ... ...| ... 5 | 1
Coachmen 15 | ... 4 | ... 2 | ... 
Draymen 67 | ... 11 | ... 13 | ... 
Porters 35 | ... 5 | ... 8 | ... 
Wharfingers and
stevedores 2 | ... 1 | ... 21 | ... 
Pilots and sailors 50 | ... 1 | ... 176 | ... 
Fishermen 11 | ... 14 | ... 10 | ... 
Carpenters 120 | ... 27 | ... 119 | ... 
Masons and
bricklayers 68 | ... 10 | ... 60 | ... 
Painters and
plasterers 16 | ... 4 | ... 18 | ... 
Tinners 3 | ... 1 | ... 10 | ... 
Ship carpenters
and joiners 51 | ... 6 | ... 52 | ... 
Coopers 61 | ... 2 | ... 20 | ... 
Coach makers and
wheelwrights 3 | ... 1 | ... 26 | ... 
Cabinet makers 8 | ... ... | ... 26 | ... 
Upholsterers 1 | ... 1 | ... 10 | ... 
Gun, copper and
locksmiths 2 | ... 1 | ... 16 | ... 
Blacksmiths and
horseshoers 40 | ... 4 | ... 51 | ... 
Millwrights ... | ... 5 | ... 4 | ... 
Boot and shoemakers 6 | ... 17 | ... 30 | ... 
Saddle and harness
makers 2 | ... 1 | ... 29 | ... 
Tailors and cap makers 36 | ... 42 | 6 68 | 6
Butchers 5 | ... 1 | ... 10 | ... 
Millers ... | ... 1 | ... 14 | ... 
Bakers 39 | ... 1 | ... 35 | 1
Barbers and hairdressers 4 | ... 14 | ... ... | 6
Cigarmakers 5 | ... 1 | ... 10 | ... 
Bookbinders 3 | ... ... | ...