neutrality._ ------------^----------- ------------^---------- ------------^------------------ Free ships, free goods.  Shall be no neutrals.  The broken voyage.  No paper blockades. -------------^------------- The new Admiralty ruling.  No search.  Attacks neutral commerce by Stations vessels off our ports.  No impressment. -------------v------------- Retaliates for French Decrees -----------v----------- | by | | --------------v---------------- -----------^----------- | | / Non-importation. \ French decrees. | | Long embargo. | -------^------- Orders in Council. }---------< Non-intercourse with >-------------/ 1806.  Berlin. | France and Great | \ 1807.  Milan. \ Britain. / -----------v----------- | +---------------------------+ | ---------------^--------------- Great Britain denies that French \ / France pretends to lift Berlin Decrees are lifted, and / -- -------------------- < and Milan Decrees.  Refuses to revoke the Orders \ \ Trade with France is restored. in Council. | Tampers with Indians. > --------------+ Insists on the right of search | | and impressment. / | | %DECLARATION OF WAR BY UNITED STATES, 1812.%

CHAPTER XVIII

THE WAR FOR COMMERCIAL INDEPENDENCE

%263.  Fighting on the Frontier.%—­“Mr. Madison’s War,” as the Federalists delighted to call our war for commercial independence, opened with three armies in the field ready to invade and capture Canada.  One under Hull, then governor of the territory of Michigan, was to cross the river at Detroit, and march eastward through Canada.  A second, under General Van Rensselaer, was to cross the Niagara River, take Queenstown, and join Hull, after which the two armies were to capture York, now Toronto, and go on eastward toward Montreal.  Meantime, the third army, under Dearborn, was to go down Lake Champlain, and meet the troops under Hull and Van Rensselaer before Montreal.  The three were then to capture Montreal and Quebec, and complete the conquest of Canada.

The plan failed; for Hull was driven from Canada, and surrendered his army and the whole Northwest, at Detroit; Van Rensselaer, defeated at Queenstown, was unable even to get a footing in Canada; while Dearborn, after reaching the northern boundary line of New York, stopped, and the year 1812 ended with nothing accomplished.