2.  In 1513 exploration of the interior of the two continents began.  Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama, 1513, and Cortes conquered Mexico, 1519-21.

3.  In 1528 Narvaez made the first serious attempt to enter the Mississippi valley.  He died, and some of his followers, under Cabeza de Vaca, crossed the continent.

4.  When the Spanish governor of Mexico heard their story, he sent Fray Marcos to find the “Seven Cities of Cibola”; and began the exploration of the southwestern part of the United States.

5.  In 1539-1541 De Soto and his band explored the southeastern part of the United States from Florida to the Mississippi River.

6.  By 1582 two Spanish settlements had been made in the United States —­St. Augustine, 1565, and Santa Fe, 1582.

EUROPE FINDS AMERICA.

DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATIONS, 1492-1600.

ATLANTIC COAST.

1492.  Columbus.  Islands off the coast.
1493.  Columbus.  Islands off the coast.
1497.  John Cabot.  North America.  Labrador.
1498.  John and Sebastian Cabot.  Labrador to Cape Cod. 
Pinzon and Solis.  Florida to Chesapeake Bay.
1500.  Cabral.  Discovers Brazil.
1501.  Vespucius.  Explores Brazilian coast.
1500-1502.  Cortereals.  Explore coast North America.
1513.  Ponce de Leon.  Discovers and names Florida.

GULF COAST.

1498.  Pinzon and Solis.  Explore Gulf of Mexico and
coast of Florida.
1519.  Pineda.  Sails from Florida to Mexico.
1528.  Narvaez.  Florida to Texas.
1543.  Followers of De Soto sail from Mississippi River
to Mexico.

THE INTERIOR.

1519-21.  Cortes.  Conquers Mexico.
1534-36.  De Vaca.  From the Sabine River to the Gulf
of California.
1539.  Fray Marcos.  Search for the Seven Cities.  Wanders
over New Mexico.
1540-42.  Coronado, Gila River, Rio Grande, Colorado
River.
1539-41.  De Soto.  Wanders over Florida, Georgia, and
Alabama, and reaches the Mississippi River.
1582-1600.  Spaniards in the valleys of the Gila and Rio
Grande.

PACIFIC COAST.

1513.  Balboa.  Discovers the Pacific Ocean.
1520.  Magellan.  Sails around South America into the
Pacific.
1578-1580.  Drake.  Sails around South America and
up the Pacific coast to Oregon. (See p. 26.)

CHAPTER III

ENGLISH, DUTCH, AND SWEDES ON THE SEABOARD

%15.  The English Claim to the Seaboard.%—­After the Spaniards had thus explored the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and what is now Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, the English attempted to take possession of the Atlantic coast.  The voyages of John and Sebastian Cabot in 1497 and 1498 were not followed up in the same way that Spain followed up those of Columbus, and for nearly eighty years the flag of England was not displayed in any of our waters.[1] At last, in