[Footnote 1:  Pike, The Prostrate State, pp. 3, 4.]

[Footnote 2:  Spectator, LXVI, p. 113.]

[Footnote 3:  Frederick Douglass pointed out this difficulty prior to the Civil War.—­See John Lobb’s Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, p. 250.]

[Footnote 4:  Labor was then cheap in the South because of its abundance and the foreign laborer had not then been tried.]

[Footnote 5:  During these years Senator Morgan of Alabama was endeavoring to arouse the people of the country so as to make this a matter of national concern.]

[Footnote 6:  Public Opinion, XVIII, p. 371.]

[Footnote 7:  Ibid., XVIII, p. 371.]

[Footnote 8:  Simmons, Men of Mark, p. 817.]

[Footnote 9:  Public Opinion, XVIII, pp. 370-371.]

[Footnote 10:  Because of these conditions the last fifty years has been considered by some writers as a “dark age,” for the South.]

[Footnote 11:  The Negroes are now said to be worth more than a billion dollars.  Most of this property is in the hands of southern Negroes.]

[Footnote 12:  American Law Review, XL, pp. 29, 52, 205, 227, 354, 381, 547, 590, 695, 758, 865, 905.]

[Footnote 13:  No. 300.—­Original, October Term, 1910.]

[Footnote 14:  Hershaw, Peonage, pp. 10-11.]

[Footnote 15:  These facts are well brought out by Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones’ recent report on Negro Education.]

[Footnote 16:  This is based on reports published annually in the Chicago Tribune.]

[Footnote 17:  This is the boast of southern men of this type when speaking to their constituents or in Congress.]

[Footnote 18:  Report, October Term, 1917.]

[Footnote 19:  This danger has been often referred to when the Negroes were first emancipated.—­See Spectator, LXVI, p. 113.]

[Footnote 20:  Compare the Negro population of Northern States as given in the census of 1800 with the same in 1900.]

[Footnote 21:  Hart, Southern South, pp. 171, 172.]

[Footnote 22:  This is based on the experience of the writer and others whom he has interviewed.]

[Footnote 23:  In his report on Negro education Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones has shown this to be an actual fact.]

[Footnote 24:  Negroes applying for positions in the South have the situation set before them so as to know what to expect.]

[Footnote 25:  The American Journal of Political Economy, XXV, p. 1040.]

[Footnote 26:  The Journal of Social Science, XI, p. 16.]

[Footnote 27:  American Economic Review, IV, pp. 281-292.]

[Footnote 28:  Ford edition of Jefferson’s Writings, X, p. 231.]

CHAPTER IX

THE EXODUS DURING THE WORLD WAR