Damascus is considered by many travellers as the best remaining type of an Oriental city.  Constantinople is semi-European; Cairo is fast becoming so; but Damascus, away from the highways of commerce, seated alone between the Lebanon and the Syrian Desert, still retains, in its outward aspect and in the character of its inhabitants, all the pride and fancy and fanaticism of the times of the Caliphs.  With this judgment, in general terms, I agree; but not to its ascendancy, in every respect, over Cairo.  True, when you behold Damascus from the Salahiyeh, the last slope of the Anti-Lebanon, it is the realization of all that you have dreamed of Oriental splendor; the world has no picture more dazzling.  It is Beauty carried to the Sublime, as I have felt when overlooking some boundless forest of palms within the tropics.  From the hill, whose ridges heave behind you until in the south they rise to the snowy head of Mount Hermon, the great Syrian plain stretches away to the Euphrates, broken at distances of ten and fifteen miles, by two detached mountain chains.  In a terrible gorge at your side, the river Barrada, the ancient Pharpar, forces its way to the plain, and its waters, divided into twelve different channels, make all between you and those blue island-hills of the desert, one great garden, the boundaries of which your vision can barely distinguish.  Its longest diameter cannot be less than twenty miles.  You look down on a world of foliage, and fruit, and blossoms, whose hue, by contrast with the barren mountains and the yellow rim of the desert which incloses it, seems brighter than all other gardens in the world.  Through its centre, following the course of the river, lies Damascus; a line of white walls, topped with domes and towers and tall minarets, winding away for miles through the green sea.  Nothing less than a city of palaces, whose walls are marble and whose doors are ivory and pearl, could keep up the enchantment of that distant view.

We rode for an hour through the gardens before entering the gate.  The fruit-trees, of whatever variety—–­walnut, olive, apricot, or fig—­were the noblest of their kind.  Roses and pomegranates in bloom starred the dark foliage, and the scented jasmine overhung the walls.  But as we approached the city, the view was obscured by high mud walls on either side of the road, and we only caught glimpses now and then of the fragrant wilderness.  The first street we entered was low and mean, the houses of clay.  Following this, we came to an uncovered bazaar, with rude shops on either side, protected by mats stretched in front and supported by poles.  Here all sorts of common stuns and utensils were sold, and the street was filled with crowds of Fellahs and Desert Arabs.  Two large sycamores shaded it, and the Seraglio of the Pasha of Damascus, a plain two-story building, faced the entrance of the main bazaar, which branched off into the city.  We turned into this, and after passing through several small bazaars stocked with