of Jugurtha.] For six days he endured the torments of starvation, and then died. [Sidenote:  Division of the Numidian kingdom.] The most westerly portion of his kingdom, corresponding to the modern province of Algiers, was given to Bocchus, the rest of it to Gauda, Jugurtha’s half-brother.  The Romans did not care to turn into a province a country of which the frontiers were so hard to guard.  But they received some Gaetulian tribes in the interior into free alliance, so that they had plenty of opportunities for meddling if they wished to do so.

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CHAPTER V.

THE CIMBRI AND TEUTONES.

The Jugurthine war ended in 105 B.C.  In one way it had been of real service to Rome.  A terrible crisis was at hand, and this war had given her both soldiers and a general worthy of the name.  Before, however, the story of the struggle with the Cimbri is told, something must be said about what had been going on at Rome, about the man who had now most influence there, and about his rivals. [Sidenote:  Recommencement of the social struggle at Rome.] The great social struggle had recommenced.  The personal rivalry between Marius and Sulla had begun before the Cimbric war.  During that war men held as it were their breath in terror, but nevertheless it was as if only an interlude in that deadly civil strife, for which each of the contending parties was already arrayed.  C. Marius was now fifty years old.  Cato, the censor, was of opinion that no man can endure so much as he who has turned the soil and reaped the harvest.  Marius was such a man.  His family were clients of the Herennii.  His father was a day-labourer of Cereatae, called today Casamare, after his illustrious son, and he himself served in the ranks in Spain. [Sidenote:  Previous career and present position of Marius.] Soon made an officer, he won Scipio’s favour as a brave, frugal, incorruptible, and trusty soldier, who never quarrelled with his general’s orders, even when they ran as counter to his own inclinations as the expulsion of all soothsayers from the camp before Numantia.  On coming home he was lucky enough to marry the aunt of Julius Caesar, whose high birth and wealth opened the door to State honours, which to a man of his origin was at this time otherwise virtually closed.  In 119 B.C. he was tribune, and had by the measures previously noticed won the reputation of an upright and patriotic politician, who would truckle neither to the nobles nor the mob.  From this time, however, the feud with the Metelli began; for he ordered L. Caecilius Metellus, the consul, to be cast into prison for resisting his ballot-law, though, as the Senate yielded, the order was not carried into effect.  In 115 he gained the praetorship, and an absurd charge of bribery trumped up against him indicated a rising disposition among the nobles to snub the aspiring plebeian.  He was propraetor