palaces and temples, with the weird ornamentation of Mayan imagination; and equal wonders exist in the high uplands where the Incas ruled Peru.  Even their barbaric art and their unrecorded history must be recovered, to satisfy the curiosity of the more fortunate races whose boasted Christianity visited on them nothing better than cruel slaughter.  At least we can give them museums and publish magnificent pictures of their ruins.

So we may bless the ashes and sand that seemed to destroy and bury the monuments of the mighty empires of the ancient world, but which have kindly covered and preserved them, just as we put our treasures away in some safety-vault while absent on a long journey.  The fire burned the upper wooden walls of the city, and it fell in ruins, but under those ruins, covered by that ashes, were preserved for two thousand, three thousand, five thousand years uninjured, the choicest sculpture and the most precious records of ancient nations,—­retained beyond the reach of vandal hands, until scholarship had grown wise enough to ask questions of forgotten history, and had sent Layard and Schliemann and De Sarzec and Evans and a hundred other men to dig with their competitive spades.  But in all the long list of enthusiasts not one deserves a higher honor or has reaped a richer harvest than Sir Henry Layard.

AUTHORITIES.

Layard:  “Early Adventures;” “Nineveh and its Remains;” “Nineveh and Babylon;” “Monuments of Nineveh.”  Botta:  “Monument de Ninive.”  Loftus:  “Chaldea and Susiana.”  Y. Place:  “Ninive et Assyrie.”  Hilprecht:  “Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania;” “Recent Research in Bible Lands.”  Perrot and Chipiez:  “History of Art in Antiquity.”  J.P.  Peters:  “Nippur.”  R.W.  Rogers:  “History of Babylonia and Assyria.”  F. Lenormant:  “Students’ Manual of the Ancient History of the East;” “The Beginnings of History.”  Maspero:  “Dawn of Civilization;” “Struggle of the Nations;” “Passing of the Empires;” “Egyptian Archaeology;” “Life in Ancient Egypt and Assyria.”  C.J.  Ball:  “Light from the East.”  Egypt Exploration Fund’s Publications.  F.J.  Bliss:  “Exploration in Jerusalem;” “A Mound of Many Cities.”  Schliemann:  “Troy and its Remains;” “Ilios;” “Mycenae;” “Tiryns;” “Troja.”  A.J.  Evans:  “Cnossus;” “Cretan Pictographs.”  Tsountas and Manatt:  “The Mycenaean Age.”

MICHAEL FARADAY.

1791-1867.

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM.

BY EDWIN J. HOUSTON, PH.D.

     “No man is born into the world whose work
      Is not born with him.  There is always work,
      And tools to work withal, for those who will.”

      LOWELL

A man was born into the world, on the 22d of September, 1791, whose work was born with him, and who did this work so well that he became one of its greatest benefactors.  Indeed, much of the marvellous advance made in the electric arts and sciences, during the last half-century, can be directly traced to this work.