[1] Our Colonies:  an Address delivered to the members of the
    Mechanics’ Institute, Chester, Nov. 12, 1855, by the Right Hon. W. E.
    Gladstone, M.P.

[2] See the Colonial Policy of Lord John Russell’s Administration, by
    Earl Grey:  a work in which the records of a most important period of
    colonial history are traced with equal ability and authority.

[3] MacMullen’s History of Canada, p. 497.

[4] Lord Grey’s Colonial Policy, &c., i. 207.

[5] MacMullen’s History of Canada.

[6] A pamphlet was published by a member of the Legislative Council,
    denouncing this and similar instances of ’horrible and heartless
    conduct’ on the part of landed proprietors and their ’mercenary
    agents;’ but it was proved by satisfactory evidence that his main
    statements were not founded in fact.

[7] Lord Grey’s Colonial policy.

[8] See Papers presented to Parliament, May, 1848; or Lord Grey’s
    Colonial Policy, i. 216.

[9] I.e. Member of the Provincial Parliament.

[10] Lord Grey’s Colonial Policy, i. 220.  Lord Grey was one of the
    few statesmen who were blameless in the matter, for he voted against
    the Act of 1843, in opposition to his party.

[11] The personal annoyance which he felt on this occasion was only a phase
    of the indignation which was often roused in him, by seeing the
    interests and feelings of the colony made the sport of party-speakers
    and party-writers at home; and important transactions in the province
    distorted and misrepresented, so as to afford ground for an attack, in
    the British Parliament, on an obnoxious Minister.—­Vide Infra,
    p. 113.

[12] ‘A knowledge’ wrote Sir F. Bruce, ’of what he was, and of the results
    he in consequence achieved, would be an admirable text on which to
    engraft ideas of permanent value on this most important question;’ as
    helping to show ’that to reduce education to stuffing the mind with
    facts is to dwarf the intelligence, and to reverse the natural process
    of the growth of man’s mind; that the knowledge of principles, as the
    means of discrimination, and the criterion of those individual
    appreciations which are fallaciously called facts, ought to be the end
    of high education.’

CHAPTER IV.

CANADA.

DISCONTENT—­REBELLION LOSSES BILL—­OPPOSITION TO IT—­NEUTRALITY OF THE
GOVERNOR—­RIOTS AT MONTREAL—­FIRMNESS OF THE GOVERNOR—­APPROVAL OF HOME
GOVERNMENT—­FRESH RIOTS—­REMOVAL OF SEAT OF GOVERNMENT FROM
MONTREAL—­FORBEARANCE OF LORD ELGIN—­RETROSPECT.