frustrate their knavish tricks.’  The last book that Dr. Wallace wrote set forth his deliberate conviction that the much vaunted advance of science had added not an inch to the moral stature of Europe.  The last war however has shown, as nothing else has, the Satanic nature of the civilization that dominates Europe to day.  Every canon of public morality has been broken by the victors in the name of virtue.  No lie has been considered too foul to be uttered.  The motive behind every crime is not religious or spiritual but grossly material.  But the Mussalmans and the Hindus who are struggling against the Government have religion and honour as their motive.  Even the cruel assassination which has just shocked the country is reported to have a religious motive behind it.  It is certainly necessary to purge religion of its excrescences, but it is equally necessary to expose the hollowness of moral pretensions on the part of those who prefer material wealth to moral gain.  It is easier to wean an ignorant fanatic from his error than a confirmed scoundrel from his scoundrelism.

This however is no indictment against individuals or even nations.  Thousands of individual Europeans are rising above their environment.  I write of the tendency in Europe as reflected in her present leaders.  England through her leaders is insolently crushing Indian religious and national sentiment under her heels.  England under the false plea of self-determination is trying to exploit the oil fields of Mesopotamia which she is almost to leave because she has probably no choice.  France through her leaders is lending her name to training Cannibals as soldiers and is shamelessly betraying her trust as a mandatory power by trying to kill the spirit of the Syrians.  President Wilson has thrown on the scrap heap his precious fourteen points.

It is this combination of evil forces which India is really fighting through non-violent non-cooperation.  And those like Miss Peterson whether Christian or European, who feel that this error must be dethroned can exercise the privilege of doing so by joining the non-co-operation movement.  With the honour of Islam is bound up the safety of religion itself and with the honour of India is bound up the honour of every nation known to be weak.

A MISSIONARY ON NON-CO-OPERATION

   The following letter has been received by Mr. Gandhi from Miss Anne
   Marie Peterson of the Danish Mission in Madras:—­

Dear Mr. Gandhi,

I cannot thank you enough for your kindness and the way in which you received me and I feel that meeting more or less decided my future.  I have thrown myself at the feet of India.  At the same time I know that in Christ alone is my abode and I have no longing and no desire but to live Him, my crucified Saviour, and reveal Him for those with whom I come in contact.  I just cling to his feet and pray with tears that I may not disgrace him as we Christians