City (pop., 2003 est.: 535,743), capital of Ningxia autonomous region, north-central China. It is located near the western end of the Great Wall. Originally a county in the 1st century &BC;, it became the capital of the Xi (Western) Xia dynasty in &AD; 907.
In 1227 it came under the Yuan dynasty and was later ruled by the Ming and the Qing dynasties. In 1928 it became the capital of the newly formed Ningxia province. In 1954, when Ningxia province was abolished, the city became part of Gansu province. With the establishment of the Ningxia autonomous region in 1958, Yinchuan once again became the capital. Largely nonindustrial, it is the chief agricultural market and distribution centre for the area.
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