Whipple, George H(Oyt)

(born Aug. 28, 1878, Ashland, N.H., U.S.—died Feb. 1, 1976, Rochester, N.Y.) U.S.

pathologist. He studied medicine at Johns Hopkins University. He and George Minot discovered that raw liver fed to chronically bled dogs reversed anemia; this led to introduction of raw liver in the diet to treat pernicious anemia, for which the two men shared a 1934 Nobel Prize with William Murphy (1894–1987). Whipple's study of bile pigments led to an interest in how the body makes hemoglobin (important in bile pigment production). His experiments in artificial anemia (1923–25) established iron as the most potent inorganic factor in red-blood-cell formation.