(1834–54) U.S. political party. Organized by opponents of Pres. Andrew Jackson, whom they called “King Andrew,” the party took its name from the British antimonarchist party. The U.S. Whigs favoured a program of national development. Jackson's opposition to the Second Bank of the United States (&see; Bank War) and nullification in South Carolina allowed Henry Clay to bring fiscal conservatives and southern states' rights proponents together in a coalition with those who still believed in the National Republican program of a protective tariff and federally financed internal improvements.
The party also included members of the former Anti-Masonic Party. The Whig's candidate, William H. Harrison, won the 1840 presidential election and the party captured Congress, but Harrison's premature death halted enactment of the Whig program (his vice president and successor, John Tyler, vetoed much of the Whig's agenda). Clay was the party's unsuccessful candidate in the 1844 election. In 1848 it nominated Zachary Taylor, who won the presidency. The party began to split into the “conscience” (antislavery) and “cotton” (proslavery) Whigs and was further divided by the Compromise of 1850. Its nominee in the 1852 election, Winfield Scott, failed to win wide support as most Southern Whigs joined the Democratic Party. In 1854 most Northern Whigs joined the new Republican Party, though some joined the Know-Nothing Party.
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