Stoppard, Tom

(born July 3, 1937, Zlín, Czech. [now in Czech Republic]) Czech-born British playwright whose work is marked by verbal brilliance, ingenious action, and structural dexterity.

Stoppard's father was working in Singapore in 1938/39. After the Japanese invasion, his father stayed on (and was killed), but Stoppard's mother and her two sons escaped to India, where in 1946 she married a British officer, Kenneth Stoppard. Soon afterward the family went to live in England. Tom Stoppard (he had assumed his stepfather's surname) quit school and started his career as a journalist in Bristol in 1954. He began to write plays in 1960 after moving to London.

His first play, A Walk on the Water (1960), was televised in 1963; the stage version, with some additions and the new title Enter a Free Man, reached London in 1968. His play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1964–65) was performed at the Edinburgh Festival in 1966. That same year his only novel, Lord Malquist & Mr. Moon, was published. His play was the greater success: it entered the repertory of Britain's National Theatre in 1967 and rapidly became internationally renowned. The irony and brilliance of this work derive from Stoppard's placing two minor characters of Shakespeare's Hamlet into the centre of the dramatic action.

A number of successes followed. Among the most notable stage plays were The Real Inspector Hound (1968), Jumpers (1972), Travesties (1974), Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1978), Night and Day (1978), Undiscovered Country (1980, adapted from a play by Arthur Schnitzler), and On the Razzle (1981, adapted from a play by Johann Nestroy). The Real Thing (1982), Stoppard's first romantic comedy, deals with art and reality and features a playwright as a protagonist. Arcadia, which juxtaposes 19th-century Romanticism and 20th-century chaos theory and is set in a Derbyshire country house, premiered in 1993, and The Invention of Love, about A.E. Housman, was first staged in 1997. The trilogy The Coast of Utopia (Voyage, Shipwreck, and Salvage), first performed in 2002, explores the lives and debates of a circle of 19th-century Russian émigré intellectuals. Rock ‘n' Roll (2006) jumps between England and Czechoslovakia during the period 1968–90.

Stoppard wrote a number of radio plays, including In the Native State (1991), which was reworked as the stage play Indian Ink (1995). He also wrote a number of notable television plays, such as Professional Foul (1977). Among his screenplays are The Romantic Englishwoman (1975), Despair (1978), and Brazil (1985). He directed the film version of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1991), for which he also wrote the screenplay. In 1998 the screenplay for Shakespeare in Love, cowritten by Stoppard and Marc Norman, won an Academy Award. Stoppard was knighted in 1997.