![Rock Hudson and Jane Wyman in <i>All That Heaven Allows</i> (1955), directed by &elipsis; [Credit: © 1955 Universal International Pictures; photograph from a private collection]](http://images.bookrags.com/images/eb/90509.gif)
Rock Hudson and Jane Wyman in All That Heaven Allows (1955), directed by &elipsis; [Credit: © 1955 Universal International Pictures; photograph from a private collection](born April 26, 1900, Hamburg, Ger.—died Jan. 14, 1987, Lugano, Switz.) German-American film director whose extremely popular melodramas offered a cynical vision of American values.
The German-born son of Danish parents, Sirk worked in the theatre as artistic director of the Bremen Playhouse (1923–29) and of the Old Theatre in Leipzig (1929–36). From his beginnings as a film director (1935–37), his works exhibited his characteristic mirror shots and theme of hypocrisy exposed.
He fled Nazi Germany in 1937, arrived in the United States in 1939, and in 1943 directed his first American film, Hitler's Madman, funded by fellow expatriates. But he subsequently was assigned only B movies to direct, until he began working for the Universal studios in 1950.
Though Sirk directed comedy, western, and war films for Universal, he was most noted for his complicated melodramas that showed frightful emotional warfare lurking beneath the facade of upper-middle-class life. Guilt, repressed lust, greed, and moral emptiness motivate the characters in his films such as Magnificent Obsession (1954); the exceptionally bleak There's Always Tomorrow (1955); the violently emotional Written on the Wind (1956), often considered his best film; and The Tarnished Angels (1957), based on William Faulkner's novel Pylon. After directing one of his most popular films, Imitation of Life (1959), Sirk retired from filmmaking and returned to Europe and to working in the theatre.
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