(born July 22, 1892, Stannern, near Iglau, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary—died Oct. 16, 1946, Nürnberg, Ger.) Austrian Nazi leader. He served in the Austro-Hungarian army during World War I and was seriously wounded.
Later a lawyer in Vienna, he became a leader of the moderate faction of the Austrian Nazis and served on the federal council of state (1937–38). In response to German pressure, he was named minister of interior and security and then replaced Kurt von Schuschnigg as chancellor (1938). He welcomed the Anschluss by Germany and became governor of the Austrian administration (1938–39). In World War II he was German high commissioner of The Netherlands (1940–45) and carried out the Nazi policy against Dutch Jews. He was tried at the Nürnberg trials and executed as a war criminal.
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