(born Jan. 17, 1504, Bosco, duchy of Milan—died May 1, 1572, Rome, Papal States; canonized May 22, 1712; feast day April 30) Pope (1566–72). He joined the Dominican order at age 14 and was ordained in 1528.
A relentless pursuer of heretics, he was named commissary general of the Inquisition in 1551. By 1556 he was a cardinal, and in 1566 he was elected pope. He zealously carried out church reforms and succeeded in keeping Protestantism out of Italy. In 1570 he excommunicated Elizabeth I, thus worsening the position of Catholics in England. He organized the campaign that led to the victory of the Spanish, Venetian, and papal fleets over the Turks in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571.
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