(born Dec. 13, 1780, Lisbon, Port.—died March 23, 1862, St. Petersburg, Russia) Russian statesman.
After serving in the Russian diplomatic service, he acted as minister of foreign affairs (1822–56) and as chancellor (1845–62). He sought to influence the Ottoman Empire with the Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi (1833) and the Straits Convention (1841). He supported aid to Austria in suppressing the Hungarian uprising (1848). His policy of promoting Russia's influence in the Balkans helped precipitate the Crimean War. He negotiated the subsequent treaty at the Congress of Paris.
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