Membrane-bound organelle located in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells, the primary function of which is to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Other functions of mitochondria include storing calcium for cell signaling activities, generating heat, and mediating cell growth and death. Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) is inherited by an offspring from its mother. Maternal inheritance enables the transmission of mtDNA to be traced down a single line of ancestors through many generations; this has become a vital area of research in studies on human evolution and migration.
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