Menshikov, Aleksandr (Danilovich)

(born Nov. 16, 1673, Moscow, Russia—died Nov. 23, 1729, Berezov, Siberia, Russian Empire) Russian soldier and administrator.

In 1686 he became an orderly for Peter I and soon was the tsar's favourite. Menshikov led troops to victories in the Second Northern War, including the Battle of Poltava, after which he received the title of field marshal (1709). As an administrator from 1714, he was criticized for corrupt practices as he amassed power and wealth. After Peter's death in 1725, Menshikov succeeded in having his ally Catherine I proclaimed empress, making him the virtual ruler of Russia. After her death in 1727, he arranged to have his daughter marry the young Tsar Peter II, but his enemies turned Peter against him and forced Menshikov's exile to Siberia.