Levertov, Denise

(born October 24, 1923, Ilford, Essex [now in Greater London], England—died December 20, 1997, Seattle, Washington, U.S.) English-born American poet, essayist, and political activist who wrote deceptively matter-of-fact verse on both personal and political themes.

Levertov's father was an immigrant Russian Jew who converted to Christianity, married a Welsh woman, and became an Anglican clergyman. Educated entirely at home, Levertov became a civilian nurse during World War II, serving in London throughout the bombings. Her first volume of verse, The Double Image (1946), was not very successful. She married the American writer Mitchell Goodman in 1947, moved with him to the United States in 1948, and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1955.

Early in her career, Levertov became associated with the poets of the Black Mountain school, and she credited the spare, clear, objective work of the poet William Carlos Williams with being the greatest influence on the development of her style. She tended to avoid the use of metaphor and allusion, preferring instead the direct and immediate description of objects, perceptions, and feelings in the rhythms of ordinary speech.

Levertov's first important poetry collection, Here and Now (1957), was followed by Overland to the Islands (1958), With Eyes at the Back of Our Heads (1959), and several others. She opposed American involvement in the Vietnam War and was active in the War Resisters League, for whom she edited the collection Out of the War Shadow (1967). One of her finest volumes of poems, The Sorrow Dance (1967), reflects her opposition to the war, while The Freeing of the Dust (1975) alternates antiwar poems with confessional poems about her personal life. Her subsequent volumes show a sympathy with Third World cultures and an involvement with feminism.

Levertov's later efforts include essays and prose, as in The Poet in the World (1973), and the verse collections Candles in Babylon (1982) and Breathing the Water (1987). She taught at Stanford University from 1981 to 1994.