City (pop., 1998: 5,143,495), capital of Punjab province, northeastern Pakistan. The second largest city of Pakistan, it lies in the upper Indus plain on the Ravi River. It was the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty in the 12th century and was captured by the Mughal Bābur's troops in 1524; it was later under Akbar and Jahāngīr.
Ruled by Sikhs in the early 19th century, it passed to the British in 1849. After Indian independence, Lahore became part of Pakistan in 1947. It is the site of the mosque of Wazir Khan (1634); a mosque built by Aurangzeb; and the Shalimar gardens, laid out in 1641. It is the seat of Pakistan's oldest educational institution, the University of the Punjab (founded 1882).
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