Province (pop., 1996: 6,048,000), northeastern Iran. Its capital is Mashhad. The region was first named by the Sāsānian dynasty, in whose language it means “Land of the Sun.” It was overrun by Muslim armies &circa; 650. Under Arab rule, it encompassed a vast territory including what is now southern Turkmenistan and northern Afghanistan.
It was conquered &circa; 1220 by Genghis Khan and &circa; 1380 by Timur. Its current frontiers, as a province of Iran, were defined in 1881. Its population is composed of many ethnic groups as a result of numerous migrations and invasions over the centuries. The languages spoken are Turkish, Persian, and Kurdish. The province gives its name to the handcrafted Khorāsān carpet.
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