Southern division of ancient Palestine successively under Persian, Greek, and Roman rule. It was bounded on the north by Samaria and on the west by the Mediterranan Sea. It succeeded the Hebrew kingdom of Judah, which was destroyed by the Babylonians. The revived kingdom of Judaea was established by the Maccabees, who resisted the suppression of Judaism under foreign rule.
Family disputes led to Roman intervention in 63 &BC;. Under Roman control, Herod (the Great) was made king of Judaea in 37 &BC;. After Herod's death the country was ruled alternately by his descendants (&see; Herod Antipas; Herod Agrippa I) and by Roman procurators. As a result of the Jewish revolt in &AD; 66, the city of Jerusalem was destroyed (&AD; 70). The name Judaea is used by Israelis to describe approximately the same area in the modern West Bank territory.
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