Province (pop., 2002 est.: 59,880,000), east-central China. It lies north of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) and is bordered by Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces and Chongqing municipality. It has an area of 72,400 sq mi (187,500 sq km), and its capital is Wuhan. Part of the kingdom of Chu (3rd century &BC;), it became part of the Qin dynasty after being subjugated by Shihuangdi.
Until the reign of Kangxi, Hubei and Hunan formed one province; they were divided in the mid-17th century. The area was the scene of battles after the 1850 Taiping Rebellion. The revolution of 1911/12 (&see; Nationalist Party) began in Hubei. The province was heavily bombed during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45. Restoration began after the communist Chinese takeover. In addition to agricultural production, Hubei has important heavy industrial production.
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