(born &circa; 1269/74, Valenciennes, Hainaut—died Aug. 24, 1313, Buonconvento, near Siena, Italy) Count of Luxembourg (as Henry IV), German king (1308–13), and Holy Roman Emperor (1312–13).
The first German king of the House of Luxembourg, he strengthened the position of his family by obtaining the throne of Bohemia for his son. He became ruler of Lombardy (1311) but faced conflicts between Guelphs and Ghibellines. Though crowned emperor at Rome, he was unable to subdue Florence or Naples, and he failed in his attempt to bind Italy firmly to the empire.
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