Hawk, Tony

(born May 12, 1968, San Diego, Calif., U.S.) American professional skateboarder who—through his technical innovations, successful equipment and apparel companies, and tireless promotional work—helped the sport of skateboarding enter the mainstream at the end of the 20th century.

Hawk, who even as a child had little patience for failure, began skateboarding at age 9. He started entering competitions at age 11 and made an instant impression with his creativity and daring. His parents were supportive of his new hobby, and they later organized the California Amateur Skateboard League and the National Skateboard Association to help provide legitimacy to the sport. Hawk was 14 when he signed with the Powell Peralta professional team and starred in the famous Bones Brigade videos.

Though Hawk was an accomplished street skater, his reputation rested on his skills as a “vert” (vertical) skater. During the 1980s and '90s, he dominated skateboarding competitions. He won 73 titles and was named the top vert skater every year from 1984 to 1996. He also invented dozens of moves, including the ollie-to-Indy, the gymnast plant, the frontside 540-rodeo flip, and the Saran wrap. In one of skateboarding's defining moments, Hawk executed a 900 twist (2 12 turns) at the 1999 X Games, a feat that had previously never been performed.

In the early 1990s, Hawk started Birdhouse, a skateboard and accessories manufacturer, and Blitz, a skateboard products distributor. The companies were a success, and he soon became involved in other ventures. In 1998 he and his family created a line of children's skate clothing, Hawk Clothing, and that same year he struck a deal with the software company Activision to develop a skateboard-themed video game. Tony Hawk's Pro Skater debuted in 1999, and it (and subsequent versions) generated more than $1 billion in sales, making it among the most successful video games of all time. Tony Hawk, Inc., was formed to oversee all of Hawk's enterprises.

Though Hawk retired from competition in 1999, he remained active in promoting the sport and his products. In 2002 he created Tony Hawk's Boom Boom HuckJam, a traveling show of choreographed skateboarders, BMX bikers, motorcycle stunt riders, and popular punk bands. That year the Tony Hawk Foundation was founded to help develop skate parks in low-income neighbourhoods. Hawk also wrote several books on skateboarding, and his autobiography, Hawk: Occupation: Skateboarder (cowritten with Sean Mortimer), was published in 2000.

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