(born 256 &BC;, Peixian, in modern Jiangsu province, China—died 195 &BC;, China) Man of peasant background who rose to become the founder of China's Han dynasty (206 &BC;–&AD; 220).
When Shihuangdi, emperor of the Qin dynasty, died in 210 &BC;, Liu joined the rebels led by Xiang Yu in an effort to overthrow the Qin. Xiang Yu triumphed and rewarded Liu with the kingdom of Han in western China, but the two allies subsequently turned against each other. Liu's pragmatic shrewdness triumphed over Xiang Yu's aristocratic naiveté, and, taking the name Gaozu, he became the Han dynasty's first ruler.
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