Clifton, Lucille

(born June 27, 1936, Depew, N.Y., U.S.) American poet who employed black vernacular in her examinations of family relationships and life in the urban ghetto.

Clifton attended Howard University from 1953 to 1955 and graduated from Fredonia State Teachers College (now State University of New York College at Fredonia) in 1955. Three years later she married Fred James Clifton, and in 1969 her first book, a collection of poetry entitled Good Times, was published.

Clifton worked in state and federal government positions until 1971, when she became a writer in residence at Coppin State College in Baltimore, Maryland. Remaining at Coppin until 1974, she produced two further books of poetry, Good News About the Earth (1972) and An Ordinary Woman (1974). From 1982 to 1983 she was visiting writer at Columbia University School of the Arts and at George Washington University. Thereafter she taught literature and creative writing at the University of California at Santa Cruz and then at St. Mary's College of Maryland.

Clifton's later poetry collections include Next: New Poems (1987), Quilting: Poems 1987–1990 (1991), The Terrible Stories (1996), Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems, 1988-2000 (2000), and Mercy (2004). Generations: A Memoir (1976) is a prose piece celebrating her origins, and Good Woman: Poems and a Memoir: 1969–1980 (1987) collects some of her previously published verse. In 2007 Clifton was awarded the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize.

Clifton's many children's books, written expressly for an African American audience, include All Us Come Cross the Water (1973), My Friend Jacob (1980), and Three Wishes (1992). She also wrote an award-winning series of books featuring events in the life of Everett Anderson, a young black boy. These include Some of the Days of Everett Anderson (1970), Everett Anderson's Goodbye (1983), and One of the Problems of Everett Anderson (2001).