(born Jan. 26, 1763, Pau, France—died March 8, 1844, Stockholm, Swed.) King of Sweden and Norway (1818–44). He became an ardent supporter of the French Revolution and rose rapidly in the army ranks to brigadier general (1794).
Named marshal of France in 1804, he supported Napoleon in several campaigns (1805–09) but subsequently shifted his allegiance. In 1810 he was invited to become crown prince of Sweden; taking the name of Charles John, he assumed control of the government. He helped defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig, then defeated France's ally Denmark, forcing that country to transfer Norway to the Swedish crown. On the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John became king of Sweden and Norway. His foreign policy led to a long and favourable period of peace.
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