Cairns

city and port, northeastern Queensland, Australia, on Trinity Inlet of Trinity Bay. Founded in the 1870s as a government customs collection point, it grew in the late 19th century as the result of gold discoveries along the Hodgkinson and Palmer rivers, tin discoveries at Herberton on the Atherton Plateau, and the introduction of sugarcane cultivation in the area. Named for Sir William Wellington Cairns, governor of Queensland (1875–77), it was proclaimed a municipality in 1885, a town in 1903, and a city in 1923.

With air and rail links and a location on the Bruce Highway from Brisbane (860 miles [1,380 km] southeast), Cairns serves an agricultural hinterland that produces dairy products, sugar, corn (maize), fruit, tobacco, and peanuts (groundnuts). Lumbering, commercial fishing, and tin mining are also carried on in the area.

Besides its port activities (especially the shipment of bulk sugar), Cairns has agriculturally based industries, sawmills, foundries, and breweries. It is also a tourist centre for the Great Barrier Reef offshore and is known for big-game fishing. After 1980 the city's airport was upgraded to handle international flights, resorts were built, and the city became especially popular with Japanese tourists. The city has a Roman Catholic cathedral, a museum and art gallery, and a botanical garden. Pop. (2006) local government area, 127,438.