(born 941, near Killaloe, Ire.—died Apr. 23, 1014, Clontarf, near Dublin) high king of Ireland from 1002 to 1014.
In 976 Brian became king of a small state, later called Dál Cais, and also king of Munster, whose Eóghanachta rulers had been defeated (964) by Brian's half brother. Brian destroyed first the Eóghanachta septs and then the Northmen, constructing a fleet to drive them from the Shannon. Under his rule Munster became a unified and powerful state.
He invaded Ossory (983), won control of the southern half of Ireland from the high king Maelsechlainn II (997), replaced him as high king (1002), and in due course received the submission of every lesser ruler. The men of Leinster and the Northmen of Dublin united against him in 1013, enlisting help from abroad. The decisive battle at Clontarf, near Dublin, on April 23, 1014, found Brian too old to take active part, and the victory was won by his son Murchad. A little group of Northmen, flying from the battlefield, stumbled on Brian's tent, overcame his bodyguard, and hacked the aged Brian to death. His fame was so great that the princes descended from him, the O'Briens, subsequently ranked as one of the chief dynastic families of the country.
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