Barnet

outer borough of London, on the northwestern perimeter of the metropolis. The borough lies mostly within the historic county of Middlesex, but many of the borough's northern districts (including New Barnet and East Barnet) historically belong to Hertfordshire. It was created in 1965 by the amalgamation of the former boroughs of Hendon and Finchley and the urban districts of Barnet, East Barnet, and Friern Barnet, which at one time formed separate manors and ecclesiastical parishes. Barnet includes areas such as (roughly from north to south) Monken Hadley, Barnet, Cockfosters, New Barnet, Arkley, East Barnet, Edgware Bury, Totteridge, Oakleigh Park, Whetstone, Southgate (in part), New Edgware, Mill Hill, Edgware, North Finchley, Friern Barnet, Watling, Finchley, Church End, East Finchley, The Hyde, Hendon, Hampstead Garden Suburb, West Hendon, Golders Green, and Childs Hill.

The name Barnet, which was recorded about &AD; 1070 as Barneto, is derived from the Old English bærnet (“burning”). Throughout the Middle Ages its fields were cultivated in grass for hay, and its strategic location on the main road between London and St. Albans made it a centre for inns and marketplaces (notably Chipping [“Market”] Barnet). In 1471 the Battle of Barnet was fought at Hadley Green between Lancastrians and Yorkists.

The region retained its rural character long after the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s, when Barnet was wrested from the control of St. Albans. With the advent of railways in the mid-19th century, however, the population began to rise sharply, and estates and farms were replaced by brick Victorian villas. Development accelerated during the 1920s and '30s with expansion of the London Underground (subway) network. Modern Barnet is almost entirely residential, though some industry is concentrated along Edgware Road, its western boundary.

Few notable medieval structures remain. The Monken Hadley parish church has a tower that was built in 1494. East Barnet parish church dates from about 1100, and there are Norman traces in the Hendon parish church of St. Mary. Tudor Hall (1577), now part of Barnet College, was built for the Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth I (founded 1573), whereas the Church Farm House Museum at Greyhound Hill, Hendon, is a mid-17th century farmhouse. The internationally celebrated Hampstead Garden Suburb was laid out east of Hendon by architects Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker in the early 20th century.

The training college and driving school of the Metropolitan Police Force are near the former Hendon Military Airfield (closed 1957) that now houses the Royal Air Force Museum. A vocational college is sited at Barnet, and there is a campus of Middlesex University at Hendon. The headquarters of the national Newspaper Library (a division of the British Library) is at Colindale.

Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher long represented the constituency of Finchley (1959–92) in the House of Commons. Ethnic minorities account for more than one-fifth of the population, with South Asians the most numerous group. Golders Green and Finchley have large Jewish communities. Area 33 square miles (87 square km). Pop. (2001) 314,564.