Arthur, Jean

(born Oct. 17, 1900, Plattsburgh, N.Y., U.S.—died June 19, 1991, Carmel, Calif.) American film actress known for her cracked, throaty voice, which accentuated her charm and intelligence in a series of successful comedies.

After modeling and performing in small parts on the Broadway stage, Arthur made her screen debut in a silent western, Cameo Kirby (1923). She found her niche as a comedienne in the wacky film The Whole Town's Talking (1935). Her screen persona as a no-nonsense, emotionally honest heroine proved to have wide appeal, and she starred in such Frank Capra social comedies as Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), You Can't Take It with You (1938), and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), as well as in such hits as Only Angels Have Wings (1939), The Talk of the Town (1942), and The More the Merrier (1943), which earned her an Academy Award nomination for best actress.

When her movie contract expired in 1944, Arthur, who had a chronic case of camera jitters, gladly retired from film. She was lured back to Hollywood to star, with Marlene Dietrich, in a comedy of postwar Berlin, Foreign Affair (1948), and in the western classic Shane (1953). She portrayed a lawyer in her own television series, The Jean Arthur Show, in 1966 and made occasional appearances on Broadway during the 1970s before retiring completely from show business. She later taught drama at Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and other schools.

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