In geographic information systems and their data structures, the terms "topology" and "planar enforcement" are used to indicate that the border line between two neighboring areas (and the border point between two connecting lines) is stored only once. Thus, any rounding errors might move the border, but will not lead to gaps or overlaps between the areas.

in phylogenetics, the branching pattern of a phylogenetic tree.

Topology is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these properties are the topological invariants. Topology may also refer to:

Network topology, a term used to describe configurations of computer networks

Topology, the collection of open sets used to define a topological space

Topology (journal), a mathematical journal, with an emphasis on subject areas related to topology and geometry

Topologilinux, a Linux distribution

Topology (musical ensemble), an Australian post-classical quintet

Topology (electronics), a configuration of electronic components.

Also in cartography, a topological map is a much simplified map that preserves the mathematical topology while sacrificing scale and shape

Topology is the study or science of places with applications in earth science, geography, human geography, and geomorphology

Topology is often confused with the geographic meaning of topography (originally the study of places). The confusion may be a factor in topographies having become confused with terrain or relief, such that they are essentially synonymous.