Provocation (medical), a way of medical testing for conditions such as an allergy by provoking the immune system's response.

Provocation (legal), a type of legal defense in court which claims the "victim" provoked the accused's actions.

Provoked (film), a 2007 British film starring Aishwarya Rai and Naveen Andrews.

Agent provocateur, a government agent in a (generally political) group that tries to goad a desired response from the group or otherwise disrupt its activity.

Provoke (album), a 1998 album by Altar and their final release on Displeased Records.

Provocation study, a form of medical research using the above method