The Neanderthal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. Neanderthal may also refer to:

Neanderthal (band), a 1990s power violence band

"Neanderthal Man" (song), a 1970 hit song by Hotlegs

Someone who uses hand tools exclusively, called a neanderthal in Internet woodworking communities

Neanderthal, Germany, a valley famous for the discovery of the first found Neanderthal

Neanderthal (novel), a 1996 bestselling novel by John Darnton