Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) - Chinese political revolutionary, known as Nakayama Shō in Japan, and as the father of modern China elsewhere

Nakayama Miki (1798–1887) - A woman who founded the Tenrikyo religion

Masashi Nakayama (born 1967) - A professional soccer player

Nakayama Hakudo (1873–1958) - A martial artist

Nakayama Racecourse - A horse racing track in Chiba Prefecture

Nakayama Gishu (1900–1969) - An author

Nakayama Grand Jump - An annual steeplechase (the richest in the world) held at the Nakayama Racecourse

Nakayama Yasubei (died 1703), later known as Horibe Yasubei

Masatoshi Nakayama (born 1913) - A karate master

Yūsuke Santamaria (born 1971 as Yūsuke Nakayama) - A playwright and entertainer

Nakayama lemma - A lemma in commutative algebra

Shinobu Nakayama (born 1973) - An actress and singer

Nakayama Station (Hyogo)

Sara Nakayama (born 1974) - A voice actress, original name Manami Nakayama

Nakayama, Tottori - A town in Tottori Prefecture

Akinori Nakayama (born 1943) - An Olympic gymnast

Shinpei Nakayama (1887–1952) - A songwriter

Nakayama-dera - A temple in Hyōgo Prefecture

Nakayamadaira-Onsen Station

Miho Nakayama (born 1970) - An actress, model, and singer

Nakayama, Yamagata - A town in Yamagata Prefecture

Nakayama, Ehime - A town in Ehime Prefecture

Nakayama Yoshiko (1836–1907) - A lady in waiting