Analogy, inference from a particular to another particular

Cartography, mapmaking

Metaphor, cross mapping across two or more seemingly unrelated subjects

Virtual memory, a memory management technique

Surveying, accurately determining the position of points in 3-D space

Gene mapping, the assignment of DNA fragments to chromosomes

Paging, a memory allocation technique

Relational database

Conceptual metaphor, in cognitive linguistics, understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain

Level design, the creation of levels, locales, stages, or missions for a video game

Functional predicate, a logical symbol that may be applied to an object term to produce another object term

Memory-mapped I/O, hardware pretending to be memory

Texture mapping, in computer graphics

Data mapping, data element mappings between two distinct data models

Photogrammetry, inferring 3-D information from stereo photographs

Brain mapping, set of techniques to study the brain

Map (or mapping) is often a synonym for function