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Walter Raleigh, by Nicholas Hilliard, c.1585. |
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There are 31 critical essays on Walter Raleigh.
Critical Essays on Walter Raleigh

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Critical Essay by Louis Montrose
15,683 words, approx. 52 pages
 In the following essay, Montrose examines the cultural background of Raleigh's The Discoverie of Guiana (1596), focusing specifically on the presence of such opposing values in the work as European and Indian, English and Spanish, culture and nature, and male and female.
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Critical Essay by Stephen J. Greenblatt
13,220 words, approx. 44 pages
 In the following essay, Greenblatt examines the ways in which Raleigh's poetry was shaped by his relationship with Queen Elizabeth I and his desire to forge a successful career for himself at court.
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Critical Essay by Stephen J. Greenblatt
12,372 words, approx. 41 pages
 In the following analysis of Raleigh's court poetry, which focuses on The Ocean to Cynthia, Greenblatt examines the ways in which the poetry was shaped by Raleigh's relationship with Queen Elizabeth I and his desire to forge a successful career for himself at court.
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Critical Essay by Ernest A. Strathmann
10,607 words, approx. 35 pages
 In the essay below, Strathmann places Raleigh's thought in the context of Greek, Roman, and Renaissance scepticism: "we find in [Raleigh's utterances and writings support for his modest reputation in the seventeenth century as a philosophic sceptic."]
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Critical Essay by John Racin
10,404 words, approx. 35 pages
 In the following excerpt from his book-length study of Raleigh's History, Racin elucidates Raleigh's concept of truth in historiography and his understanding of his role as a historian.
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Critical Essay by Philip Edwards
9,997 words, approx. 33 pages
 In the following essay, Edwards examines the nature of Raleigh's prose works, focusing in particular on his treatment of military and naval engagements, his reflective writings, and his conception of historiography.
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Lecture by Christopher Hill
9,173 words, approx. 31 pages
 In the following excerpt, taken from an expanded version of a lecture originally delivered at Oxford University in 1962, Hill provides an overview of Raleigh's social, political, and intellectual background, focusing in particular on the courtier's literary and scientific pursuits and his involvement in foreign policy during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I.
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Critical Essay by Stephen J. Greenblatt
8,944 words, approx. 30 pages
 In the following excerpt, Greenblatt traces the origins of Raleigh's histrionic conception of himself and of his surroundings, a worldview that, according to the critic, manifested itself in Raleigh's writings in both deeply pessimistic and highly optimistic appraisals of humankind's ability to control their destiny.
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Critical Essay by Carlos M. Bajetta
8,865 words, approx. 30 pages
 In the following essay, Bajetta finds similarities between Raleigh's two early poems and places them in the context of their literary milieu.
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Critical Essay by Marion Campbell
8,146 words, approx. 27 pages
 In the following essay, Campbell analyzes the structure and historical context of Raleigh's "The Ocean to Cynthia," arguing that the work is "a poem consumed with loss " for Raleigh's failure to remain in favor with Queen Elizabeth I.
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Critical Essay by Anna Beer
7,860 words, approx. 26 pages
 In the following essay, Beer analyzes the structure of The Ocean to Cynthia and challenges the assumption of the poem's incompleteness.
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Critical Essay by John Winton
7,196 words, approx. 24 pages
 In the following essay, Winton relates the circumstances surrounding Raleigh's marriage and fall from royal favor and reflects on how these events formed his work.
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Critical Essay by Robert E. Stillman
7,066 words, approx. 24 pages
 In the following essay, Stillman emphasizes the connection in The Ocean of Cynthia between Raleigh's loss of Elizabeth I's favor and the inadequacy of language—specifically, the symbolic mode formerly used by Raleigh to represent the Queen's cultic status as a beloved deity—to express his suffering.
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Critical Essay by Robert E. Stillman
6,962 words, approx. 23 pages
 In the following essay, Stillman emphasizes the connection in The Ocean to Cynthia between Raleigh's loss of Elizabeth I's favor and the inadequacy of language—specifically, the symbolic mode formerly used by Raleigh to represent the Queen's cultic status as a beloved deity—to express his suffering.
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Critical Essay by Tucker Brooke
6,959 words, approx. 23 pages
 In the following essay, originally given as a lecture in 1938, Brooke unfavorably compares Raleigh to his English contemporaries, Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, and Christopher Marlowe.
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Critical Essay by C. A. Patrides
6,915 words, approx. 23 pages
 In the essay below, Patrides analyzes the Christian historiographical method that informs Raleigh's The History of the World.
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Critical Essay by Steven W. May
6,386 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following excerpt from his critical biography of Raleigh, May offers a thematic and stylistic analysis of Raleigh's early verse.
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Critical Essay by Philip Edwards
6,180 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following excerpt, Edwards explains why he considers Raleigh the embodiment of the chief characteristics of the Renaissance, primarily discussing Raleigh's interest in science and the arts and his religious beliefs.
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Critical Essay by Gerald Hammond
6,152 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following introduction to his edition of Raleigh's selected works, Hammond underscores the essentially pessimistic tone of Raleigh's writings and describes the stylistic features of his poetry and prose.
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Critical Essay by Steven W. May
5,909 words, approx. 20 pages
 In the following essay, May discusses a few Elizabethan companion poems attributed to Raleigh, concluding these poems “form a coherent pattern which expands our understanding of the overall role of poetry in his life.”
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Critical Essay by Michael L. Johnson
5,880 words, approx. 20 pages
 In the following essay, Johnson analyzes the consistency and success of the poem's metaphorical and thematic structure.
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Critical Essay by Ernest A. Strathmann
5,727 words, approx. 19 pages
 In the following excerpt, Strathmann examines the considerable fluctuations in Raleigh's reputation during his lifetime and on into the twentieth century, focusing on the History and Raleigh's alleged atheism.
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Lecture by Tucker Brooke
4,175 words, approx. 14 pages
 In the following excerpt, which is drawn from a lecture originally delivered in 1938, Brooke discusses Raleigh's poetry and prose, as well as his personality and career, as products of Elizabethan romanticism.
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Critical Essay by Peter Ure
3,171 words, approx. 11 pages
 In the following essay, Ure contrasts Raleigh's poetry with that of Spenser and emphasizes that, as both a literary artist and man, Raleigh left an ambiguous impression.
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Critical Review by Hoyt H. Hudson
1,162 words, approx. 4 pages
 In the following review, Hudson provides a mixed assessment of Agnes M. C. Latham's edition of The Poems of Sir Walter Ralegh.

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