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There are 26 critical essays on Pierre: or, The Ambiguities.

Critical Essays on Pierre: or, The Ambiguities
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Critical Essay by James Creech
15,290 words, approx. 51 pages
In the following excerpt, Creech interprets Pierre as a covertly homoerotic novel, with Pierre's attraction to his father manifested through his feelings for Isabel.
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Critical Essay by John Carlos Rowe
15,258 words, approx. 51 pages
In the following essay, Rowe discusses Pierre as Melville's critique of nineteenth-century literary production, suggesting that the novel is his farewell to writing as he conceived it before Pierre, and that it serves as a bridge to The Confidence-Man.
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Critical Essay by Gillian Brown
14,485 words, approx. 48 pages
In the following essay, Brown interprets Pierre as Melville's parody and critique of the typical sentimental domestic novel of his day, focusing on the author's handling of the role of the individual in American society.
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Critical Essay by Priscilla Wald
13,893 words, approx. 46 pages
In the following essay, Wald characterizes Pierre as an endless succession of narrative voices and perspectives that requires the readers' participation in making conclusions about the events of the novel.
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Critical Essay by Brian Higgins and Hershel Parker
13,576 words, approx. 45 pages
In the following essay, Higgins and Parker consider the various ways in which Pierre fails as a novel, at the same time proclaiming it the best psychological novel that had been written in English by the middle of the Nineteenth Century.
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Critical Essay by Nancy Craig Simmons
13,315 words, approx. 44 pages
In the following essay, Simmons suggests that Pierre presents the problem of uncontrolled imagination, and provides evidence from Melville's reading, which includes the works of Isaac Taylor.
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Critical Essay by Steven C. Scheer
11,195 words, approx. 37 pages
In the following excerpt, Scheer examines the relationship between Pierre and the narrator of Pierre and explores the nature of self-knowledge and virtue.
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Critical Essay by Wyn Kelley
10,208 words, approx. 34 pages
In the following essay, Kelley suggests that Melville's notion of domesticity based on the brother/sister rather than husband/wife relationship was too extreme for his middle-class readers, and so contributed to the novel's failure.
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Critical Essay by Stephen Rachman
9,735 words, approx. 33 pages
In the following essay, Rachman explores Pierre in the context of male hysteria, asserting that Pierre's nervous exhaustion both shapes and makes problematic the idea that the novel was written as a romance.
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Critical Essay by Paul Lewis
9,677 words, approx. 32 pages
In the following essay, Lewis explores Pierre in terms of the various characters' responses to the incongruous, suggesting that this theme contributes to the overall ambiguity of the work.
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Critical Essay by Hershel Parker
9,157 words, approx. 31 pages
In the following essay, Parker examines documentary evidence such as Melville's correspondence with his publishers and reviews of Moby-Dick to suggest reasons why the author's focus on Pierre's psyche was diverted to self-analysis of his own literary career.
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Critical Essay by Nicola Nixon
8,796 words, approx. 29 pages
In the following essay, Nixon examines Pierre in its historical context, maintaining that Melville preferred ambiguity to political allusion.
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Critical Essay by Alan Holder
8,691 words, approx. 29 pages
In the following essay, Holder discusses the shifts in narrative tone, attitude, and mood in Pierre, conceding that, in the end, there is little to account for the novel's contradictions and fragments.
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Critical Essay by Lewis Mumford
7,544 words, approx. 25 pages
In the following excerpt from an essay originally published in 1929, Mumford links the themes of Pierre with events in Melville's life while he was writing the novel, concluding that “Pierre disclosed a lesion that never entirely healed.”
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Critical Essay by Richard Gray
6,951 words, approx. 23 pages
In the following essay, Gray explores Pierre as “an artifice that calls attention to its own artificiality” and suggests that the novel is a predecessor of Vladimir Nabokov's Pale Fire and Jorge Luis Borges's Ficciones.
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Critical Essay by Wai-chee Dimock
6,635 words, approx. 22 pages
In the following essay, Dimock discusses the various characters' quests for knowledge in Pierre and concludes that, since the self proves to be unknowable in the novel, all the individual quests eventually degenerate into ambiguity.
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Critical Essay by Robert Milder
6,145 words, approx. 21 pages
In the following essay, Milder suggests that in Pierre Melville set out to write a parody of the romance novel that would reveal the depravity of which mankind is capable.
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Critical Essay by Steve Gowler
5,903 words, approx. 20 pages
In the following essay, Gowler discusses the role of God and belief in Pierre, concluding that the novel portrays the breakdown of religious systems and “the absurdity of the human condition.”
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Critical Essay by R. Scott Kellner
5,662 words, approx. 19 pages
In the following essay, Kellner explores Melville's treatment of several psychological themes in Pierre, focusing on the relationship between ideal love and instinctive sex, and between sex and death.
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Critical Essay by Phillip J. Egan
5,136 words, approx. 17 pages
In the following essay, Egan examines Isabel's story as a bildungsroman, or coming-of-age narrative, and interprets it in the light of several key concepts of Romanticism.
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Critical Essay by James C. Wilson
4,999 words, approx. 17 pages
In the following essay, Wilson notes that Melville attributes Pierre's psychological problems, especially his belief in his own capacity for heroic action, to his sentimental education.
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Critical Essay by Nicholas Canaday, Jr.
4,896 words, approx. 16 pages
In the following essay, Canaday explores Melville's treatment of the individual's need to follow his or her moral imperative—even at the cost of defying social convention—and describes the writer's attitude toward the problem as ambivalent.
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Critical Essay by Carol Colclough Strickland
3,985 words, approx. 13 pages
In the following essay, Strickland asserts that, while Melville's handling of imagery in Pierre provides a kind of coherence for the work, the novel remains ultimately “inconsistent and incomplete.”
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Critical Essay by Nicholas Canaday
3,352 words, approx. 11 pages
In the following essay, Canaday explores the connection between Pierre's psychological problems and his becoming a male member of a female world as he moves from Saddle Meadows to New York City.
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Critical Essay by R. K. Gupta
3,039 words, approx. 10 pages
In the following essay, Gupta maintains that in writing Pierre Melville felt that the conventions of the novel were inadequate and restrictive, and thus he borrowed specific literary devices from the dramatic and epic genres.
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Critical Essay by Bert C. Bach
2,941 words, approx. 10 pages
In the following essay, Bach discusses the various levels of narration in Pierre and suggests that the alternating narrative voices help to unify the work.


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