In the following excerpt, Prawer discusses Heine's life, especially his relationship with Eduard Gans, focusing on his changing attitudes toward Judaism.

In the following essay, Cook discusses allusions to Goethe and Novalis in Heine's “Citronia,” and explores the poem's oblique use of metaphor.

In the following essay, Höhn traces Heine's changed worldview following the events of 1848 in Europe.

In the following essay, Sammons presents an overview of Heine's reception by American writers and critics.

In the following essay, Holub claims that Utopian concerns are not central to Heine's writings, despite claims to the contrary by many contemporary critics of Heine, and that Heine instead expresses a realistic political agenda.

In the following excerpt, Cook evaluates Heine's portrayal of sexual desire in his poem "Citronia."

In the following essay, Gilman traces parallels between Heine's work and the theories of Sigmund Freud.

In the following essay, first presented at a symposium in 1988, Berman compares the poetry and political agendas of Heine and the American poet Walt Whitman.

In the following essay, Pfau poses questions about Heine in relation to contemporary critics' definitions of Romanticism.

In the following excerpt, Perraudin discusses imagery, theme, and style in two chronologically distinct poems of Buch der Lieder.

In the following essay, Pizer discusses Heine's application of Goethe's theory of a “world literature.”

In the following essay, Seeba credits Heine with a crucial role in developing the “urban gaze” that would emerge in later literature.

In the following essay, Holub discusses Heine's denunciation of the slave trade in his poem “Das Sklavenschiff.”

In the following essay, Rose examines Heine's use of pagan and Christian imagery in Deutschland: Ein Wintermärchen—a poetic satire of volatile German politics in the 1840s.

In the following essay, Berman discusses how Heine's innovative “Night Thoughts” pushes the reader to abandon antiquated notions of self and society in favor of “a focus on the possibility of human action and innovation.”

In the following essay, Kuehn offers his impressions of Heine and his poetry.

In the following excerpt, Spencer explores the popular lyric poems of Heine's Buch der Lieder.

In the following essay, Hoffmeister discusses Heine's marginalized place in German letters.

In the following essay, Kolb evaluates Heine's criticism of music, claiming that the poet was inexperienced and fairly uninterested in music itself, and that he used music, rather, as a touchstone to discuss the feelings it evokes and the creative process.

In the following essay, Holub examines Heine's conversion to Protestantism as it relates to his Confessions.

In the following essay, Pettey discusses Heine's poem “Vitzliputzli” in relation to colonialism, suggesting that the poem displays Heine's “contempt” for colonialism's greed and barbarism.

In the following essay, Sammons studies the link between Heine's illness and his literary creativity.

In the following essay, Pettey investigates Heine's representation of the Spanish conquest of Mexico in his poem "Vitzliputzli" as primarily a violent clash of religions.

In the following essay, Del Caro examines Heine's stances on some tenets of Romanticism.

In the following essay, Atkins surveys critical opinion of Heine's relatively neglected Neue Gedichte.

In the following essay, a foreword to an edition of translated works by Heine, Kazin explores Heine's problematic omission from the modernist canon and the possible reasons for this exclusion.