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There are 49 critical essays on Australian literature.
Critical Essays on Australian literature

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Critical Essay by Ross Gibson
11,326 words, approx. 38 pages
 In the following excerpt, Gibson documents European perceptions of Aborigines during the period 1770 to 1850, noting the prevailing double image of the Aborigine as either a degenerate barbarian or a noble savage.
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Critical Essay by Adrian Mitchell
11,086 words, approx. 37 pages
 In the following excerpt, Mitchell concentrates on the principal Australian novels written between 1844 and 1889, categorizing most of them as romances and appraising the language, style, plots, and themes in these works.
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Critical Essay by Cecil Hadgraft
10,945 words, approx. 37 pages
 In the following excerpt, Hadgraft reviews the principal Australian novels of the nineteenth century.
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Critical Essay by Frederick Sinnett
10,621 words, approx. 35 pages
 In the following essay, originally published in 1856, Sinnett acknowledges the lack of any first-rate Australian novels by the middle of the nineteenth century but calls Catherine Helen Spence's Clara Morison “the best Australian novel” yet published and offers commentary on Charles Rowcroft's Tales of the Colonies.
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Critical Essay by H. M. Green
10,063 words, approx. 34 pages
 In the following excerpt, Green examines the poetic works of Charles Harpur and summarizes the careers of several lesser Australian poets and verse dramatists.
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Critical Essay by Richard White
10,024 words, approx. 33 pages
 In the following essay, White details the rise of national consciousness among Australian writers, artists, and intellectuals in the 1880s and 1890s.
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Critical Essay by Michael Ackland
9,943 words, approx. 33 pages
 In the following excerpt, Ackland analyzes the poetry and prose of Catherine Martin, emphasizing the problematic position of female writers in colonial Australia.
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Critical Essay by J. J. Healy
9,937 words, approx. 33 pages
 In the following essay, Healy surveys mid-nineteenth-century portrayals of Aborigines in Australian fiction, suggesting that the most impressive of these can be found in Charles de Boos's 1867 novel Fifty Years Ago.
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Critical Essay by Michael Ackland
9,906 words, approx. 33 pages
 In the following excerpt, Ackland focuses on Henry Kendall's verse of the 1860s in which the poet thematically recast many of the works of his mentor, Charles Harpur, while offering a deeply pessimistic outlook on matters of faith in his writing.
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Critical Essay by J. J. Healy
8,338 words, approx. 28 pages
 In the following excerpt, Healy presents a brief overview of nineteenth-century literary works that represent white Australian contact with Aborigines, and goes on to assess this process in regard to James Tucker's novel Ralph Rashleigh.
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Critical Essay by Bain Attwood
8,255 words, approx. 28 pages
 In the following excerpt, Attwood considers the theoretical issues surrounding white European interpretation of the Aborigine.
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Critical Essay by Kenneth Maddock
8,168 words, approx. 27 pages
 In the following essay, Maddock relates and interprets several mythic stories concerning Aboriginal contact with the outside world, including tales of meetings with Captain Cook and the Macassans.
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Critical Essay by Michael Wilding
8,096 words, approx. 27 pages
 In the following essay, Wilding follows the link between Marcus Clarke's descriptions of natural settings and his likely drug-induced exploration of internal landscapes in his short fiction.
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Critical Essay by Brian Elliott
7,974 words, approx. 27 pages
 In the following excerpt, Elliott evaluates Adam Lindsay Gordon as the quintessential poet of the Australian colonial landscape.
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Critical Essay by H. M. Green
7,553 words, approx. 25 pages
 In the following essay, Green chronicles the history of the Bulletin and discusses other Australian literary periodicals published between 1880 and 1931.
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Critical Essay by Graeme Davison
7,369 words, approx. 25 pages
 In the following essay, Davison provides the cultural context for the Australian legend of the bush, a myth consolidated by the mostly urban-dwelling writers of Sydney's Bulletin during the 1890s.
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Critical Essay by Brian Kiernan
6,922 words, approx. 23 pages
 In the following essay, Kiernan encapsulates the range of modern views of nineteenth-century Australian literary history.
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Critical Essay by P. B. Cox
6,630 words, approx. 22 pages
 In the following essay, Cox discusses several of the most significant Australian poets from the first half of the nineteenth century.
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Critical Essay by Bruce Nesbitt
6,541 words, approx. 22 pages
 In the following essay, Nesbitt recounts the debate between realism and romanticism conducted by Henry Lawson and “Banjo” Paterson in the pages of the Bulletin during the 1890s, suggesting its impact in accelerating Australian literary nationalism.
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Critical Essay by Chris Wallace-Crabbe
6,539 words, approx. 22 pages
 In the following essay, Wallace-Crabbe summarizes the literary period of 1888 to 1903 in Australia, commenting on the significance of the Bulletin and the writings of Henry Lawson, Joseph Furphy, and Christopher Brennan.
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Critical Essay by Douglas Jarvis
6,464 words, approx. 22 pages
 In the following essay, Jarvis explores the literary values of the Bulletin and their significance to Australian society in the 1880s.
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Critical Essay by Adrian Mitchell
6,385 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following excerpt, Mitchell points to the major Australian fiction writers of the 1890s typically associated with the Bulletin—particularly Henry Lawson and Joseph Furphy.
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Critical Essay by Gerhard Stilz
6,198 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following essay, Stilz studies international inspiration and domestic contention in the development of an Australian national literature in the 1880s.
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Critical Essay by Susan Sheridan
6,140 words, approx. 21 pages
 In the following essay, Sheridan traces the principal themes in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century women's writing regarding Aborigines and the related contexts of racial and sexual difference.
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Critical Essay by Clive Hamer
5,568 words, approx. 19 pages
 In the following essay, Hamer highlights recurrent themes in Australian novels published between 1859 and 1889.
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Critical Essay by Sharyn Pearce
5,554 words, approx. 19 pages
 In the following excerpt, Pearce describes the suppressed but significant role of female journalists in late nineteenth-century Australia.
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Critical Essay by Delys Bird
5,493 words, approx. 18 pages
 In the following essay, Bird presents My Brilliant Career and The Getting of Wisdom as two “incipiently subversive novels” that depict the struggles of women in a society that generally diminishes feminine social value.
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Critical Essay by Harry Heseltine
5,295 words, approx. 18 pages
 In the following excerpt, Heseltine comments on Australian prose and poetry of the nineteenth century, noting the persistent theme of personal uncertainty in many of these works.
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Critical Essay by Geoffrey Serle
5,257 words, approx. 18 pages
 In the following excerpt, Serle stresses the relationship of the Bulletin to the national literary awakening of Australia in the 1890s.
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Critical Essay by Chris Healy
5,207 words, approx. 17 pages
 In the following essay, Healy evaluates the merits of an Aboriginal understanding of history as opposed to the standard, western conception of the past.
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Critical Essay by Sue Rowley
5,120 words, approx. 17 pages
 In the following essay, Rowley affirms the “imaginative formation of Australian national culture” by the late nineteenth-century writers who employed the images and themes of bush mythology in their works.
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Critical Essay by Leon Cantrell
5,037 words, approx. 17 pages
 In the following excerpt, Cantrell highlights the uniqueness of 1890s Australian literature and the significant developments in Australian literary history that occurred during this decade.
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Critical Essay by G. A. Wilkes
4,856 words, approx. 16 pages
 In the following essay, originally published in 1958, Wilkes discusses the unique characteristics that defined Australian literature of the 1890s while commenting on major writers and works of the period.
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Critical Essay by Doug Jarvis
4,581 words, approx. 15 pages
 In the following essay, Jarvis evaluates the fictional techniques favored by the Bulletin in the 1890s.
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Critical Essay by Ken Levis
4,484 words, approx. 15 pages
 In the following essay, originally published in 1950, Levis discusses the opportunity provided by the Bulletin to Australian short fiction writers concerned with depicting Australia and its people.
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Critical Essay by Judith Wright
4,466 words, approx. 15 pages
 In the following essay, Wright explains the origins of the symbolic dichotomy between the bush and the city in late nineteenth-century Australian poetry.
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Critical Essay by Penny van Toorn
4,308 words, approx. 14 pages
 In the following essay, van Toorn describes the difficulties associated with the study of pre-twentieth-century Aboriginal writing.
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Critical Essay by Clement Semmler
4,053 words, approx. 14 pages
 In the following essay, Semmler illuminates A. B. “Banjo” Paterson's integral contribution to the Australian bush verse tradition in the 1890s as one of the most prominent and popular Bulletin writers.
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Critical Essay by Brian Kiernan
3,684 words, approx. 12 pages
 In the following excerpt, Kiernan examines Australian literary criticism of the 1890s, focusing on A. G. Stephens as “the critical patron of Australian literature” and his twentieth-century successor, Vance Palmer.
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Critical Essay by Geoffrey Serle
3,478 words, approx. 12 pages
 In the following excerpt, Serle discusses significant Australian poets and novelists of the late colonial period.
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Critical Essay by C. Hartley Grattan
3,212 words, approx. 11 pages
 In the following excerpt, Grattan offers a general assessment of Australian literature and remarks on five outstanding nineteenth-century Australian novels.
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Critical Essay by Ivor Indyk
2,913 words, approx. 10 pages
 In the following excerpt, Indyk concentrates on the ominous presence of the Aborigine in the pastoral poetry of Charles Harpur and Henry Kendall.
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Critical Essay by John Barnes
2,407 words, approx. 8 pages
 In the following excerpt, Barnes remarks on the influence of A. G. Stephens as editor of the Bulletin's literary Red Page in the 1890s.
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Critical Essay by Susan Lever
2,032 words, approx. 7 pages
 In the following excerpt, Lever stresses the public and social role of nineteenth-century poetry by Australian women, noting a general preoccupation with nation-building rather than introspection.

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